HEPA and ULPA filters both target very fine particles, but they suit different risk levels and equipment. Choosing correctly affects airflow, maintenance and compliance.

Definitions that matter

• HEPA (e.g. H13/H14 under EN 1822) is widely used for respirable dusts in construction and manufacturing.
• ULPA (U15 and above) captures even smaller particles for critical environments like certain cleanrooms.

Practical differences on site

• Airflow and resistance: ULPA media has higher resistance, so the same fan delivers less airflow under load. That can reduce capture at source if the system was not designed for it.
• Cost and service: ULPA elements are more expensive and can load faster without robust pre-filtration.
• Availability and handling: ULPA components and integrity testing are more specialised.

Which should you use?

• For construction dust control, H14 is typically the appropriate final stage for fine or carcinogenic dusts such as silica, provided seals and housings are sound.
• Reserve ULPA for exceptional cases specified by a process requirement or client standard, and ensure the unit is engineered to maintain adequate airflow.

Avoid common pitfalls

• Do not rely on “HEPA-type” claims; look for the EN 1822 class and proper labelling.
• Ensure gasket integrity and correct seating; leakage defeats any filter grade.
• Use staged pre-filtration so the final filter is not sacrificed as a dust bag.

Focus on the whole system: capture at source, adequate airflow under load, and verified H-class filtration where required. That combination is what protects people and keeps you aligned with COSHH expectations.