Free-airflow figures look impressive, but they tell you little about how a vacuum performs on a tool with a filter loading up. Real dust control depends on airflow under load, filtration, and how the system handles restrictions and debris.

Under-load airflow beats free-air numbers

Every bend, hose, filter and bag reduces flow. Look for data or testing that reflects the full setup: hose length, tool connection, filter state. If you cannot get test data, measure capture at the nozzle with a simple anemometer or compare visible capture on the tool.

Filtration class and filter management

Match the filter to the hazard: M-Class for general wood dusts and mixed construction dust; H-Class and H14 HEPA where RCS, lead or other fine hazardous dusts are present. Use bags to protect filters and maintain consistent flow. Auto filter-clean helps sustain performance over a shift; plan bag and filter changes before they choke.

Hoses, ports and pressure

Use the largest practical hose that fits the tool port; choking a high-flow vacuum with a narrow hose wastes energy and reduces capture. Shorten hoses and reduce tight bends. Consider a pre-separator for heavy debris to prevent rapid filter loading.

Duty cycle, noise and verification

Choose continuous-duty units for long tasks and consider noise control in occupied buildings. Verify performance: does the vacuum capture dust at the cut, and do PM readings drop when it is running? Keep brief COSHH notes of maintenance and filter changes. The HSE WEL for RCS is 0.1 mg/m³; effective capture at source is essential to stay well below it.

H-Class vacuums from brands such as MAXVAC are often paired with tool shrouds on masonry and timber to keep capture reliable across a full shift without changing technique.

Practical takeaways

• Prioritise airflow under load; test with the real hose, tool and filter.
• Use M-Class for general dusts; specify H14 where fine hazardous dusts exist.
• Protect filters with bags and pre-separators; maintain auto clean where fitted.
• Match hose diameter to the tool; keep runs short and bends gentle.
• Verify capture visually and with PM readings; record maintenance.